ÿþ<html><head><link href="../../Styles/global.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="../../Images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon"><meta name="Keywords" content="A visual essay exploring the popular print culture around the legend of Ravidas, a medieval poet of Bhakti movement in north India." /><title>Exploring Ravidas</title></head><body style="background-color:" topMargin=0 ><div align="Center"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" width="100%" style="background-color:"><tr><td style="background-color:;font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;" align="center"> <a href="http://www.tasveergharindia.net" style="text-decoration:none;color:#000000;">Tasveer Ghar: A Digital Archive of South Asian Popular Visual Culture</a></td></tr><tr><td align="center" ><p><span style="font-size: 22px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span lang="EN-GB"><strong>Exploring Ravidas</strong></span></span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td align="center" > <p><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span lang="EN-GB">Understanding the Meeting Point of Faiths and Resistance</span></span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td> <p>&nbsp;</p> <table width="850" cellpadding="0" border="0" align="center"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table cellpadding="0" border="0" align="center" style="width: 846px; height: 212px;"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">The Depiction of Ravidas</span></span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br /> </span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">In posters, calendars, book covers, and other printed materials, Ravidas is depicted as an adult with a long flowing beard which is either black or white (<a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&amp;EId=82&amp;ImageId=3">Figs. 03</a>, <a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&amp;EId=82&amp;ImageId=4">04</a> &amp; <a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&amp;EId=82&amp;ImageId=5">05</a>). Images of Ravidas as a child or even as a young man are not readily available. In his most popular appearance, he is shown sitting outside a hut, working on making or mending shoes (<a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&amp;EId=82&amp;ImageId=6">Fig. 06</a>). All the tools required for working with leather, such as crucible, pliers, scrappers, hooks, shoe anvil, etc., are included in this print. Some completed or repaired shoes are also shown in the foreground and background. Most such prints appear to take pride in Ravidas' occupation and involvement in his professional labor.</span></span></p> </td> <td><table valign="middle"><tr><td> <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&EId=82&ImageId=3><img align="middle" style="width: 171px; height: 204px;" alt="" src="/cmsdesk/userfiles/image/uploaded/Daljit%20New%20Aug09/Pic-02.jpg" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-bottom-style: none"/></a></td></tr><tr><td align="Center" > <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&EId=82&ImageId=3> Fig.03</a></td></tr></table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" align="center" style="width: 599px; height: 164px;"> <tbody> <tr> <td><table valign="middle"><tr><td> <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&EId=82&ImageId=4><img align="middle" style="width: 150px; height: 242px;" alt="" src="/cmsdesk/userfiles/image/uploaded/Daljit%20New%20Aug09/Pic-02A.jpg" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-bottom-style: none"/></a></td></tr><tr><td align="Center" > <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&EId=82&ImageId=4> Fig.04</a></td></tr></table></td> <td><table valign="middle"><tr><td> <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&EId=82&ImageId=5><img align="middle" style="width: 159px; height: 240px;" alt="" src="/cmsdesk/userfiles/image/uploaded/Daljit%20New%20Aug09/Pic-03.jpg" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-bottom-style: none"/></a></td></tr><tr><td align="Center" > <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&EId=82&ImageId=5> Fig.05</a></td></tr></table></td> <td><table valign="middle"><tr><td> <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&EId=82&ImageId=6><img align="middle" style="width: 181px; height: 240px;" alt="" src="/cmsdesk/userfiles/image/uploaded/Daljit%20New%20Aug09/Pic-04.jpg" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-bottom-style: none"/></a></td></tr><tr><td align="Center" > <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&EId=82&ImageId=6> Fig.06</a></td></tr></table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" align="center" style="width: 847px; height: 225px;"> <tbody> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">There are many versions of the image of Ravidas at work, mending or making shoes. In some prints, he is shown in a contemplative mood, even while seated amidst the tools of his trade and at work. The additions, deletions, and alterations in different versions reflect the goals of the artist, printer, and publisher, which have been discussed in the later part of this essay. In one image, Ravidas is shown sitting at his workplace amidst all manner of tools neatly and functionally laid out.&nbsp; Instead of making or mending shoes, however, he is writing in something that resembles a traditional account book. The tools and shoes represent his professional work, whereas his act of writing suggests his intellectual pursuits (<a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&amp;EId=82&amp;ImageId=7">Fig. 07</a>).</span></span></td> <td><table valign="middle"><tr><td> <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&EId=82&ImageId=7><img align="middle" style="width: 172px; height: 221px;" alt="" src="/cmsdesk/userfiles/image/uploaded/Daljit%20New%20Aug09/Pic-05.jpg" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-bottom-style: none"/></a></td></tr><tr><td align="Center" > <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&EId=82&ImageId=7> Fig.07</a></td></tr></table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table cellpadding="0" border="0" align="center" style="width: 848px; height: 254px;"> <tbody> <tr> <td><table valign="middle"><tr><td> <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&EId=82&ImageId=8><img width="173" height="250" alt="" src="/cmsdesk/userfiles/image/uploaded/Daljit%20New%20Aug09/Pic-06.jpg" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-bottom-style: none"/></a></td></tr><tr><td align="Center" > <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&EId=82&ImageId=8> Fig.08</a></td></tr></table></td> <td width="650"> <p><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">In other posters, insets have been used to depict the stories of miracles associated with Ravidas (<a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&amp;EId=82&amp;ImageId=8">Figs. 08</a>, <a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&amp;EId=82&amp;ImageId=9">09</a> &amp; <a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&amp;EId=82&amp;ImageId=10">10</a>). According to one such miracle story, during the holy bath season at the river Ganga, a pilgrim was on his way to the riverbanks in Banaras. He came to see Ravidas to get his shoes repaired. Ravidas gave him a coin to be offered to the holy Ganga. The condition was that the pilgrim was to offer the coin only if she (the Goddess Ganga) appeared to accept the offering. The pilgrim took a bath in the Ganga and offered whatever he had to offer, including the coin given to him by Ravidas. To his surprise, Ganga appeared and accepted the offering joyfully. In return, Ganga gave him a beautiful gold bangle as a return gift for Ravidas. Instead of handing over the gift to Ravidas, the pilgrim gifted it to the king, expecting favours in return.<br /> </span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table width="100%" cellpadding="0" border="0" align="center"> <tbody> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">The royal jeweler was impressed with the quality of the bangle. When the king gifted the bangle to his queen she asked for another one. The exasperated king asked the pilgrim to bring another bangle of the same quality, failure to do which would result in his death. Scared, the pilgrim gwent to Ravidas. He narrated the story to Ravidas. He apologised for his misdeed and implored him to help. Ravidas appealed in turn to Ganga for help, Ganga appeared and granted another gold bangle similar to the earlier one. Ravidas gave the bangle to the pilgrim whose life was thus saved.</span></span></td> <td> <p><table valign="middle"><tr><td> <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&EId=82&ImageId=9><img align="middle" style="width: 157px; height: 233px;" alt="" src="/cmsdesk/userfiles/image/uploaded/Daljit%20New%20Aug09/Pic-07.jpg" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-bottom-style: none"/></a></td></tr><tr><td align="Center" > <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&EId=82&ImageId=9> Fig.09</a></td></tr></table></p> </td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table cellpadding="0" border="0" align="center" style="width: 813px; height: 213px;"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p><table valign="middle"><tr><td> <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&EId=82&ImageId=10><img width="138" height="205" align="middle" alt="" src="/cmsdesk/userfiles/image/uploaded/Daljit%20New%20Aug09/Pic-09.jpg" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-bottom-style: none"/></a></td></tr><tr><td align="Center" > <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&EId=82&ImageId=10> Fig.10</a></td></tr></table></p> </td> <td width="650"> <p><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Most posters depicting this scene have the Hindi words <em>Man Changa Toh Kathoti Mein Ganga</em></span></span> <span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">inscribed on the inner rim of a crucible placed in front of Ravidas.&nbsp; The phrase can be translated to mean, &quot;If intentions are good, the Ganga will appar even in a crucible.&quot; The crucible (kathoti) is the utensil used by cobblers for tanning the skin of dead animals</span></span><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> (<a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&amp;EId=82&amp;ImageId=10">Fig. 10</a>)</span></span><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">.These days, most&nbsp; cobblers use old tyres or tubes and place them in a pit to prevent spills and evaporation. <span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Although Chamars are deemed impure by higher castes on account of working with and on carcasses, the water of Ganga is believed by all to be the purest with the power to wash off the worst of sins. <span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">In this miracle story, Ganga appears in a utensil that is the property of the impurest of the impure. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table cellpadding="0" border="0" align="center" style="width: 848px; height: 206px;"> <tbody> <tr> <td><table valign="middle"><tr><td> <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&EId=82&ImageId=11><img width="225" height="187" align="middle" alt="" src="/cmsdesk/userfiles/image/uploaded/Daljit%20New%20Aug09/Pic-09A.jpg" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-bottom-style: none"/></a></td></tr><tr><td align="Center" > <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&EId=82&ImageId=11> Fig.11</a></td></tr></table></td> <td> <p><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><!--StartFragment--></span></span><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">This story attaches goodness to the ethics of life rather than ritualised notions of purity and impurity. These ritualised notions of purity and impurity are instrumental in constructing a caste-based social hierarchy and the notion of untouchability as an impurity is attached to &lsquo;Untouchables&rsquo; (dalit). The story is a challenge to the caste hierarchy and those who are responsible for institutionalising these notions.</span></span><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><!--EndFragment--> </span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table width="100%" cellpadding="0" border="0" align="center"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">There are images of other miracle stories associated with</span></span><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> Ravidas, <!--StartFragment-->although not as popular as the one shown in Figure 10</span></span><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">.&nbsp;In a print illustrating one of these stories, Ravidas makes his stone statues float across the Ganga, whereas the statues of upper caste priests sink in the river (</span></span><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&amp;EId=82&amp;ImageId=11">Fig. 11</a>)</span></span><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">.</span></span><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> After this episode, the story goes, the priests carried Ravidas in a palanquin in the streets of Banaras as an acknowledgement of his authority. In another story, Ravidas defeats the priests in a philosophical debate in a royal court </span></span><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">(<a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&amp;EId=82&amp;ImageId=12">Figs. 12 </a>&amp; <a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&amp;EId=82&amp;ImageId=13">13</a></span></span><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">)<br /> </span></span></p> </td> <td><table valign="middle"><tr><td> <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&EId=82&ImageId=12><img align="middle" style="width: 262px; height: 184px;" alt="" src="/cmsdesk/userfiles/image/uploaded/Daljit%20New%20Aug09/Pic-09B.jpg" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-bottom-style: none"/></a></td></tr><tr><td align="Center" > <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&EId=82&ImageId=12> Fig.12</a></td></tr></table></td> <td><table valign="middle"><tr><td> <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&EId=82&ImageId=13><img align="middle" style="width: 181px; height: 218px;" alt="" src="/cmsdesk/userfiles/image/uploaded/Daljit%20New%20Aug09/Pic-09C.jpg" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-bottom-style: none"/></a></td></tr><tr><td align="Center" > <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&EId=82&ImageId=13> Fig.13</a></td></tr></table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table cellpadding="0" border="0" align="center" style="width: 846px; height: 266px;"> <tbody> <tr> <td><font size="3" face="Verdana">Several prints featuring Ravidas also show the image of the god Krishna.&nbsp; For instance, in one print, a book with the printed image of a young Krishna appears next to the tools with which Ravidas is working (<a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&amp;EId=82&amp;ImageId=9">Fig. 09</a>). In another poster,&nbsp; Krishna appears on the thatched wall of a hut in the background (<a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&amp;EId=82&amp;ImageId=8">Fig. 08</a>). This depiction is interesting as it is well-known that Ravidas, being a nirgun bhakt, was opposed to idol worship. Meera Bai is another meeting point between Ravidas and Krishna as she is disciple of both. The depiction of interaction between Ravidas and Mira Bai as well as Rani Jhali seems to be a dialogue between the nirgun and sadgun bhakti traditions. Both Mira Bai and Rani Jhali have been depicted offering worship to Ravidas in many prints. In the case of Rani Jhali, she is shown offering gold coins to Ravidas which he refuses to accept (Left part of <a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&amp;EId=82&amp;ImageId=12">Fig. 12</a>). This might be interpreted as symbolising the refusal by a nirgun saint of a sadgun-style devotion. On the other hand, in another print, Mira is shown seeking Ravidas' blessings which he seems to be offering (<a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&amp;EId=82&amp;ImageId=14">Fig. 14</a>). And yet the artist has shown Ravidas and Mira Bai remaining firm in their traditions even while establishing a respectable relationship.</font></td> <td><table valign="middle"><tr><td> <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&EId=82&ImageId=14><img align="middle" style="width: 140px; height: 258px;" alt="" src="/cmsdesk/userfiles/image/uploaded/Daljit%20New%20Aug09/Pic-44.jpg" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-bottom-style: none"/></a></td></tr><tr><td align="Center" > <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&EId=82&ImageId=14> Fig.14</a></td></tr></table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table cellpadding="0" border="0" align="center" style="width: 848px; height: 272px;"> <tbody> <tr> <td><table valign="middle"><tr><td> <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&EId=82&ImageId=15><img width="177" height="250" align="middle" alt="" src="/cmsdesk/userfiles/image/uploaded/Daljit%20New%20Aug09/Pic-10.jpg" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-bottom-style: none"/></a></td></tr><tr><td align="Center" > <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&EId=82&ImageId=15> Fig.15</a></td></tr></table></td> <td> <p><font size="3" face="Verdana">Among the images showing Ravidas at work with shoes is a painting by an unknown artist in which the saint is relatively young (<a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&amp;EId=82&amp;ImageId=15">Fig. 15</a>). He sits in his work room, surrounded by his tools of trade. Cast in a realist mode, Ravidas is shown filing the scrapper, while his hammer, a shoe anvil, a file and a crucible, are all placed around him, ready to be used. Ravidas is shown gazing up and in a contemplative mood, a worker doing his work sincerely. It is one of the rare images where Ravidas is shown alone, and not placed against an elaborate background.</font> <span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">In majority of images, the background details are very similar. Floral and faunal symbols of friendly coexistence are accompanied by streams of fresh water flowing from mountains, with lush green yards full of trees laden with flowers and fruits. Peacock and deer among the most usual animals in these images, with an occassional dog (<a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&amp;EId=82&amp;ImageId=8">Figs. 08</a>, <a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&amp;EId=82&amp;ImageId=9">09</a>, <a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&amp;EId=82&amp;ImageId=10">10</a> &amp; <a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&amp;EId=82&amp;ImageId=11">11</a>). In these images,&nbsp; Ravidas and nature complement each other. In his presence, dogs and peacocks can co-exist happily.</span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table cellpadding="0" border="0" align="center" style="width: 846px; height: 260px;"> <tbody> <tr> <td><font size="3" face="Verdana">Another dominant bazaar print of Ravidas shows him meditating in a dhoti, a scarf draped across his shoulders </font><font size="3" face="Verdana">(<a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&amp;EId=82&amp;ImageId=16">Fig. 16</a>)</font><font size="3" face="Verdana">. He appears old, his body emaciated, the ribs visible.&nbsp; Strings of beads adorn his neck, while a halo rings his head. He sits in a contemplative mood on a rug, right arm placed on a arm-rest. There are many variations of this standard image, that show him occasionally also sitting on a simple cloth or a tiger skin.&nbsp; The initial black and white image has made room for colour when this image came to be repeated in posters, calendars and book covers with small alterations and also in combination with other images. Designing and multicoloured printing have facilitated appearance of this image in many sizes and variations (Please refer to figures at the end of the essay <a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&amp;EId=82&amp;ImageId=42">Fig. 42</a>, <a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&amp;EId=82&amp;ImageId=43">43</a>, <a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&amp;EId=82&amp;ImageId=44">44</a>, <a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&amp;EId=82&amp;ImageId=45">45</a>, <a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&amp;EId=82&amp;ImageId=46">46</a>&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;<a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&amp;EId=82&amp;ImageId=47">47</a>).</font></td> <td><table valign="middle"><tr><td> <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&EId=82&ImageId=16><img width="195" height="250" align="middle" alt="" src="/cmsdesk/userfiles/image/uploaded/Daljit%20New%20Aug09/Pic-11.jpg" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-bottom-style: none"/></a></td></tr><tr><td align="Center" > <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&EId=82&ImageId=16> Fig.16</a></td></tr></table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>&nbsp;</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>&nbsp;</p> </td></tr></table><table style="width:850px"><tr><td></td><td align="right"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;color:#000000;">Select Page</span><select id="cmbPages" class="text-box" onchange="javascript:openPage();"> <option value="1">1</option><option value="2">2</option><option value="3">3</option><option value="4">4</option><option value="5">5</option><option value="6">6</option><option value="7">7</option></select> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript">function openPage(){ var i = document.getElementById('cmbPages').value; var path =window.location.pathname.substring(0,window.location.pathname.lastIndexOf('/')); if(i== 1) window.location.href = path + "/index.html"; else window.location.href = path + "/index_" + (i-1) +".html"; } var path =window.location.pathname.substring(window.location.pathname.lastIndexOf('/')+1); if (path.indexOf('_') == -1) document.getElementById('cmbPages').value=1; else {path = path.substring(path.lastIndexOf('_')+1); document.getElementById('cmbPages').value=parseInt(path)+1;} </script><a class="navigation-a" href="index.html" style="color:#000000;">Previous</a> <a class="navigation-a" href="index_2.html" style="color:#000000;">Next</a></td></tr></table><table style="width:100%;"><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="2"><a class="gallery-a" style="color:#000000;" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=70&EId=82&ImageId=1>Visit The Gallery</a> </td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="2"><a href="http://www.tasveergharindia.net" class="footer-a" style="color:#000000;"> Tasveer Ghar Home </a>-<a href="http://www.tasveergharindia.net/frmessaylisting.aspx" class="footer-a" style="color:#000000;"> Gallery </a>-<a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/pages/copyright.html" class="footer-a" style="color:#000000;"> Disclaimer on images </a>-<a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/pages/Contact_Us.html" class="footer-a" style="color:#000000;"> Contact us </a>-<a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/Unsubscriber.aspx" class="footer-a" style="color:#000000;"> UnSubscriber </a></td></tr></table></div><script type="text/javascript">try {var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-8020078-1");pageTracker._trackPageview();} catch(err) {}</script> </body></html>